<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">systhiper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Системные гипертензии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systemic Hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-082X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2189</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «ИнтерМедсервис»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">systhiper-303</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакологическая блокада ангиотензиновых рецепторов в лечении артериальной гипертензии: от саралазина до сартанов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">fomin_vic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистунов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомин В.В., Свистунов А.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомин В.В., Свистунов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Фомин В.В., Свистунов А.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/303">https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/303</self-uri><abstract><p>Обсуждаются история создания блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина II и опыт их применения в контролируемых клинических исследованиях.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>блокаторы рецепторов ангиотензина II</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>контролируемые клинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Basso N, Terragno N.A. History about the discovery of renin - angiotensin system. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1246–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Basso N, Terragno N.A. History about the discovery of renin - angiotensin system. Hypertension 2001; 38: 1246–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun-Menendez E, Fasciolo J.C, Leloir L.F, Munoz J.M. The substance causing renal hypertension. J Physiol 1940; 98: 283–98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun-Menendez E, Fasciolo J.C, Leloir L.F, Munoz J.M. The substance causing renal hypertension. J Physiol 1940; 98: 283–98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Page I.H, Helmer О.H. A crystalline pressor substance (angiotonin) resulting from the interaction between renin and renin activator. J Exp Med 1940; 71: 29–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Page I.H, Helmer О.H. A crystalline pressor substance (angiotonin) resulting from the interaction between renin and renin activator. J Exp Med 1940; 71: 29–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun-Menéndez E, Page I.H. Suggested revision of nomenclature: angiotensin. Science 1958; 127: 242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun-Menéndez E, Page I.H. Suggested revision of nomenclature: angiotensin. Science 1958; 127: 242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira S.H. A bradykinin - potentiating factor (BPF) present in venom of Bothrops jararaca. Br J Pharmacol 1965; 24: 163–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira S.H. A bradykinin - potentiating factor (BPF) present in venom of Bothrops jararaca. Br J Pharmacol 1965; 24: 163–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ondetti M.A, Rubin B, Cushman D.W. Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin - converting enzyme: new class of orally active antihypertensive agents. Science 1977; 196 (4288): 441–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ondetti M.A, Rubin B, Cushman D.W. Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin - converting enzyme: new class of orally active antihypertensive agents. Science 1977; 196 (4288): 441–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pals D.T, Masucci F.D, Sipos F. A specific competitive antagonist of the vascular action of angiotensin II. Circ Res 1971; 29: 664–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pals D.T, Masucci F.D, Sipos F. A specific competitive antagonist of the vascular action of angiotensin II. Circ Res 1971; 29: 664–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castellion A.W, Fulton R.W. Preclinical pharmacology of saralasin. Kidney Int 1979 (Suppl. 9): S11–S19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castellion A.W, Fulton R.W. Preclinical pharmacology of saralasin. Kidney Int 1979 (Suppl. 9): S11–S19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunner H.R, Laragh J.H, Baer L et al. Essential hypertension: renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 1972; 286 (9): 441–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunner H.R, Laragh J.H, Baer L et al. Essential hypertension: renin and aldosterone, heart attack and stroke. N Engl J Med 1972; 286 (9): 441–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavras H, Gavras I, Brunner H.R, Liang C.S. Physiologic studies with saralasin in animals. Kidney Int 1979; (Suppl. 9): S20–S28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavras H, Gavras I, Brunner H.R, Liang C.S. Physiologic studies with saralasin in animals. Kidney Int 1979; (Suppl. 9): S20–S28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner R.W, Blantz R.C. Acute reversal by saralasin of multiple intrarenal effects of angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 1979; 237 (5): F386–F391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner R.W, Blantz R.C. Acute reversal by saralasin of multiple intrarenal effects of angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 1979; 237 (5): F386–F391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller E.D, Delaney T.J. Blood flow alteration induced by saralasin or sodium nitroprusside in rats. Anestesiology 1981; 54 (3): 199–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller E.D, Delaney T.J. Blood flow alteration induced by saralasin or sodium nitroprusside in rats. Anestesiology 1981; 54 (3): 199–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delaney T.J, Miller E.D. Rebound hypertensive after sodium nitroprusside prevented by saralasin in rats. Anestesiology 1980; 52 (2): 154–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delaney T.J, Miller E.D. Rebound hypertensive after sodium nitroprusside prevented by saralasin in rats. Anestesiology 1980; 52 (2): 154–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson D.F, Binder N.D. Short - term saralasine blockade of renal hypertension in fetal lambs. J Physiol 1991; 433: 383–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson D.F, Binder N.D. Short - term saralasine blockade of renal hypertension in fetal lambs. J Physiol 1991; 433: 383–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ribout C, Yamaguchi N, Godin D et al. Intracoronary administration of saralasin: effects on cardiac arrhythmias induced by ischemia and reperfusion in the anaesthetized dog. Cardiovasc Res 1992; 26 (10): 968–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ribout C, Yamaguchi N, Godin D et al. Intracoronary administration of saralasin: effects on cardiac arrhythmias induced by ischemia and reperfusion in the anaesthetized dog. Cardiovasc Res 1992; 26 (10): 968–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Streeten D.H, Anderson G.H, Freiberg J.M, Dalakos T.G. Use of an angiotensin II antagonist (saralasin) in the recognition of «angiotensinogenic» hypertension. N Engl J Med 1975; 292 (13): 657–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streeten D.H, Anderson G.H, Freiberg J.M, Dalakos T.G. Use of an angiotensin II antagonist (saralasin) in the recognition of «angiotensinogenic» hypertension. N Engl J Med 1975; 292 (13): 657–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Case D.B, Wallace J.M, Keim H.J et al. Usefulness and limitations of saralasin, a partial competetitive agonist of angiotensinogen II, for evaluating the renin and sodium factors in hypertensive patients. Am J Med 1976; 60 (6): 825–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Case D.B, Wallace J.M, Keim H.J et al. Usefulness and limitations of saralasin, a partial competetitive agonist of angiotensinogen II, for evaluating the renin and sodium factors in hypertensive patients. Am J Med 1976; 60 (6): 825–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konrads A, Meurer K.A, Hummerich W et al. Antihypertensive effects of captopril and saralasin in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49 (6): 1558–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konrads A, Meurer K.A, Hummerich W et al. Antihypertensive effects of captopril and saralasin in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49 (6): 1558–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huland H, Bause H.W, Clausen C, Doehn N. The influence of an angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, given before nephrectomy, on kidney function after transplantation. A contolled prospective study. Transplantation 1983; 36 (2): 139–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huland H, Bause H.W, Clausen C, Doehn N. The influence of an angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, given before nephrectomy, on kidney function after transplantation. A contolled prospective study. Transplantation 1983; 36 (2): 139–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Symons J.D, Stebbins C.L. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during exercise: comparison of losartan and saralasin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 28 (2): 223–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Symons J.D, Stebbins C.L. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade during exercise: comparison of losartan and saralasin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1996; 28 (2): 223–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ip S.P, Tsang S.W, Wong T.P et al. Saralasin, a nonspecific angiotensin II receptor antagonist, attenuates oxidative stress and tissue injury in cerulein - induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2003; 26 (3): 224–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ip S.P, Tsang S.W, Wong T.P et al. Saralasin, a nonspecific angiotensin II receptor antagonist, attenuates oxidative stress and tissue injury in cerulein - induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2003; 26 (3): 224–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnier M, Brunner H.R. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet 2000; 355: 637–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnier M, Brunner H.R. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet 2000; 355: 637–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitt B, Poole-Wilson P.A, Segal R et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomized trial – The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitt B, Poole-Wilson P.A, Segal R et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomized trial – The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000; 355: 1582–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Julius S, Kjeldsen S.E, Weber M et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Julius S, Kjeldsen S.E, Weber M et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. OPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study Group. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high - risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan. Lancet 2002; 360 (9335): 752–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. OPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study Group. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high - risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan. Lancet 2002; 360 (9335): 752–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahlöf B, Devereux R.B, Kjeldsen S.E. LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995–1003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahlöf B, Devereux R.B, Kjeldsen S.E. LIFE Study Group. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995–1003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindholm L.H, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta - blockers remain first - choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta - analysis. Lancet 2005; 366: 1545–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindholm L.H, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta - blockers remain first - choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta - analysis. Lancet 2005; 366: 1545–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogihara T, Fujimoto A, Nakao K, Saruta T. CASE-J Trial Group. ARB candesartan and CCB amlodipine in hypertensive patients: the CASE-J trial. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6 (9): 1195–201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogihara T, Fujimoto A, Nakao K, Saruta T. CASE-J Trial Group. ARB candesartan and CCB amlodipine in hypertensive patients: the CASE-J trial. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2008; 6 (9): 1195–201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindholm L, Ibsen H, Dahlof B et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertenstion study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 1004–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindholm L, Ibsen H, Dahlof B et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertenstion study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 1004–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malmqvist K, Kahan T, Edner M, Bergfeldt L. Comparison of actions of irbesartan versus atenolol on cardiac repolarization in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation Versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). Am J Cardiol 2002; 90 (10): 1107–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malmqvist K, Kahan T, Edner M, Bergfeldt L. Comparison of actions of irbesartan versus atenolol on cardiac repolarization in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation Versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). Am J Cardiol 2002; 90 (10): 1107–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mortsell D, Malmqvist K, Held C, Kahan T. Irbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima - media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared with atenolol: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) study. J Intern Med 2007; 261 (5): 472–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mortsell D, Malmqvist K, Held C, Kahan T. Irbesartan reduces common carotid artery intima - media thickness in hypertensive patients when compared with atenolol: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) study. J Intern Med 2007; 261 (5): 472–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комитет экспертов Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Российские рекомендации (3-й пересмотр). М., 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Комитет экспертов Российского медицинского общества по артериальной гипертонии и Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов. Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Российские рекомендации (3-й пересмотр). М., 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parving H-H, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parving H-H, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson F, Rossing P, Hovind P et al. Irbesartan treatment reduces biomarkers of inflammatory activity in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: an IRMA 2 substudy. Diabetes 2006; 55 (12): 3550–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson F, Rossing P, Hovind P et al. Irbesartan treatment reduces biomarkers of inflammatory activity in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: an IRMA 2 substudy. Diabetes 2006; 55 (12): 3550–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Llewelyn D.E, Garcia-Puig J. How different urinary albumin excretion rates can predict progression to nephropathy and the effect of treatment in hypertensive diabetics. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2004; 5 (3): 141–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Llewelyn D.E, Garcia-Puig J. How different urinary albumin excretion rates can predict progression to nephropathy and the effect of treatment in hypertensive diabetics. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2004; 5 (3): 141–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossing K, Christensen P.K, Andersen S et al. Comparative effects of Irbesartan on ambulatory and office blood pressure: a substudy of ambulatory blood pressure from the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (3): 569–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossing K, Christensen P.K, Andersen S et al. Comparative effects of Irbesartan on ambulatory and office blood pressure: a substudy of ambulatory blood pressure from the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (3): 569–74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen S, Brochner-Mortensen J, Parving H.H. Irbesartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. Kidney function during and after withdrawal of long - term irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (12): 3296–302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen S, Brochner-Mortensen J, Parving H.H. Irbesartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria Study Group. Kidney function during and after withdrawal of long - term irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (12): 3296–302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer A.J, Annemans L, Roze S et al. Cost - effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment versus control (standard antihypertensive medications excluding ACE inhibitors, other angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) or late irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (8): 1897–903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer A.J, Annemans L, Roze S et al. Cost - effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment versus control (standard antihypertensive medications excluding ACE inhibitors, other angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) or late irbesartan treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (8): 1897–903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macfarlane D.P, Paterson K.R, Fisher M. Cardiovascular drugs as antidiabetic agents: evidence for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 (7): 533–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macfarlane D.P, Paterson K.R, Fisher M. Cardiovascular drugs as antidiabetic agents: evidence for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 (7): 533–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ernsberger P, Koletsky R.J. Metabolic actions of angiotensin receptor antagonists: PPAR-gamma agonist actions or a class effect? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007; 7 (2): 140–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ernsberger P, Koletsky R.J. Metabolic actions of angiotensin receptor antagonists: PPAR-gamma agonist actions or a class effect? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007; 7 (2): 140–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чазова И.Е., Мычка В.Б. Метаболический синдром. М., 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чазова И.Е., Мычка В.Б. Метаболический синдром. М., 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мычка В.Б., Мамырбаева К.М., Масенко В.П. и др. Возможности антигипертензивной терапии ирбесартаном в коррекции инсулинорезистентности и нарушений мозгового кровотока у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Сons. Med. 2006; 8 (11): 25–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мычка В.Б., Мамырбаева К.М., Масенко В.П. и др. Возможности антигипертензивной терапии ирбесартаном в коррекции инсулинорезистентности и нарушений мозгового кровотока у больных с метаболическим синдромом. Сons. Med. 2006; 8 (11): 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kintscher U, Bramlage P, Paar W.D et al. Irbesartan for the treatment of hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a sub analysis of the Treat to Target post authorization survey. Prospective observational, two armed study in 14,200 patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007; 6: 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kintscher U, Bramlage P, Paar W.D et al. Irbesartan for the treatment of hypertension in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a sub analysis of the Treat to Target post authorization survey. Prospective observational, two armed study in 14,200 patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2007; 6: 12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clasen R, Schupp M, Foryst-Ludwig A et al. PPARgamma - activating angiotensin type-1 receptor blockers induce adiponectin. Hypertension 2005; 46 (1): 137–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clasen R, Schupp M, Foryst-Ludwig A et al. PPARgamma - activating angiotensin type-1 receptor blockers induce adiponectin. Hypertension 2005; 46 (1): 137–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Filippo C, Lampa E, Tufariello E et al. Effects of irbesartan on the growth and differentiation of adipocytes in obese zucker rats. Obes Res 2005; 13 (11): 1909–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Filippo C, Lampa E, Tufariello E et al. Effects of irbesartan on the growth and differentiation of adipocytes in obese zucker rats. Obes Res 2005; 13 (11): 1909–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voigt J.P, Bramlage P, Fink H. Hypophagic effect of the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist irbesartan in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 535: 233–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voigt J.P, Bramlage P, Fink H. Hypophagic effect of the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist irbesartan in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 535: 233–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De las Heras N, Martín-Fernández B, Miana M et al. The protective effect of irbesartan in rats fed a high fat diet is associated with modification of leptin - adiponectin imbalance. J Hypertens 2009; 27 (Suppl. 6): S37–S41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De las Heras N, Martín-Fernández B, Miana M et al. The protective effect of irbesartan in rats fed a high fat diet is associated with modification of leptin - adiponectin imbalance. J Hypertens 2009; 27 (Suppl. 6): S37–S41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Shimosato T et al. Irbesartan improves endothelial dysfunction, abnormal lipid profile, proteinuria and liver dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats independent of glucose and insulin levels. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2 (5): 957–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Shimosato T et al. Irbesartan improves endothelial dysfunction, abnormal lipid profile, proteinuria and liver dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats independent of glucose and insulin levels. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2 (5): 957–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordan J, Boye S.W, Breton S.L et al. Antihypertensive treatment in patients with class 3 obesity. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2012; 3 (3): 93–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordan J, Boye S.W, Breton S.L et al. Antihypertensive treatment in patients with class 3 obesity. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2012; 3 (3): 93–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taguchi I, Toyoda S, Takano K et al. Irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, exhibits metabolic, anti - inflammatory and antioxidative effects in patients with high - risk hypertension. Hypertens Res 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1038/hr.2013.3. [Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taguchi I, Toyoda S, Takano K et al. Irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, exhibits metabolic, anti - inflammatory and antioxidative effects in patients with high - risk hypertension. Hypertens Res 2013 Feb 21. doi: 10.1038/hr.2013.3. [Epub ahead of print]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
