<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">systhiper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Системные гипертензии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systemic Hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-082X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2189</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «ИнтерМедсервис»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">systhiper-515</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>B-АДРЕНОБЛОКАТОРЫ И РЕАЛЬНАЯ КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА В РОССИИ: ПРОПАСТЬ МЕЖДУ ПОНИМАНИЕМ ДОЗ B-АДРЕНОБЛОКАТОРОВ И ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИМ ПРОГНОЗОМ У БОЛЬНЫХ С СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Beta-blockers, and real clinical practice in Russia: the gap between the understanding of the doses of beta-blockers and subsequent prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">fomin-i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО НижГМА</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фомин И.В., Поляков Д.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В., Поляков Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fomin I.V., Polyakov D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/515">https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/515</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен анализ приема b-адреноблокаторов (b-АБ) в трех эпидемиологических срезах исследования ЭПОХА. Респонденты в каждом срезе (2002, 2007, 2017 г.) были стратифицированы на 5 подгрупп: страдающие только артериальной гипертензией - АГ (подгруппа АГ), больные со стабильной стенокардией, но в анамнезе и клинически нет подтверждения острого инфаркта миокарда - ОИМ и хронической сердечной недостаточности - ХСН (подгруппа ишемической болезни сердца - ИБС); перенесшие ИМ, но не имеющие выраженных клинических проявлений ХСН (подгруппа ИМ); пациенты, сформировавшие ХСН по любой причине, но не имеющие в анамнезе ОИМ (подгруппа ХСН), и пациенты, имеющие клинические проявления ХСН после перенесенного ОИМ в анамнезе (подгруппа ИМ+ХСН). За 15 лет в Российской Федерации частота приема b-АБ увеличилась с 20% в разделе сердечно-сосудистой патологии до 30%. Наиболее чувствительными к применению b-АБ оказались пациенты с перенесенным ОИМ и ХСН. Пролонгированные b-АБ начали использоваться на популяционном уровне только в 2007 г., но частота приемов при любой сердечно-сосудистой патологии не превышает 50% порога, а достижение цели (контроля частоты сердечных сокращений) не превышает 10% уровня при любой патологии. Такая зависимость связана с приемом низких доз b-АБ. Ни в одном случае доза b-АБ не превышала 50% рекомендованной, что может быть отдельной причиной сердечно-сосудистой смертности на популяционном уровне в РФ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Presents an analysis of the reception beta-blockers in three epidemiological studies sections of the EPOKhA. Respondents in each slice (2002, 2007, 2017) were stratified into 5 subgroups: only suffering from hypertension - AH (subgroup AH), patients with stable angina pectoris, but in history and clinically has no evidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic heart failure (subgroup of coronary heart disease); after myocardial infarction, but do not have clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure (subgroup myocardial infarction); patients with acute myocardial infarction formed for any reason, but with no previous history of AMI (subgroup chronic heart failure), and patients with clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure after suffering AMI in anamnesis (subgroup myocardial infarction + chronic heart failure). During 15 years in the Russian Federation the frequency of administration of beta-blockers increased from 20% in the section of cardiovascular pathology to 30%. The most sensitive to the use of beta-blockers were patients with a history of AMI and chronic heart failure. Prolonged beta-blockers have been used at the population level only in 2007, but the frequency with any cardiovascular pathology does not exceed the 50% threshold, and the achievement of goals (control heart rate) does not exceed 10% of the level at any pathology. This dependence is associated with low-dose beta-blockers. In any case, the dose of beta-blockers did not exceed 50% of recommended that can be a separate cause of cardiovascular mortality at the population level in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>эффективность лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>b-адреноблокаторы</kwd><kwd>beta-blockers</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>the efficacy of treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фомин И.В., Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю. и др. Распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности в европейской части Российской Федерации (часть 1) - данные ЭПОХА-ХСН. Сердечная недостаточность. 2006; 7, 1 (35): 4-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фомин И.В., Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю. и др. Распространенность хронической сердечной недостаточности в европейской части Российской Федерации (часть 1) - данные ЭПОХА-ХСН. Сердечная недостаточность. 2006; 7, 1 (35): 4-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. и др. Этиологические причины формирования ХСН в европейской части Российской Федерации (госпитальный этап). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (6): 333-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Беленков Ю.Н., Мареев В.Ю., Агеев Ф.Т. и др. Этиологические причины формирования ХСН в европейской части Российской Федерации (госпитальный этап). Сердечная недостаточность. 2011; 12 (6): 333-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P. et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P. et al. Beta-Blocker Use and Clinical Outcomes in Stable Outpatients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease. JAMA 2012; 308 (13): 1340-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P. et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P. et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999; 318 (7200): 1730-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288 (23): 2998-3007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002; 288 (23): 2998-3007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steg P.G, James S.K, Atar D. et al. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569-619. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steg P.G, James S.K, Atar D. et al. Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2569-619. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ ehs215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N. et al. β blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2016; 354: i4801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N. et al. β blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ 2016; 354: i4801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z.M, Pan H.C, Chen Y.P. et al. COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622-32. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z.M, Pan H.C, Chen Y.P. et al. COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622-32. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.H, Hahn J.Y, Song Y.B. et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC: Cardiovasc Inter 2014; 7 (6): 592-601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.H, Hahn J.Y, Song Y.B. et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC: Cardiovasc Inter 2014; 7 (6): 592-601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang B.T, Huang F.Y , Zuo Z.L. et al. Meta-Analysis of Relation Between Oral β-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115 (11): 1529-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang B.T, Huang F.Y , Zuo Z.L. et al. Meta-Analysis of Relation Between Oral β-Blocker Therapy and Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2015; 115 (11): 1529-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quint J.K, Herrett E, Bhaskaran K. et al. Effect of β blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records. BMJ 2013; 347: f6650.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quint J.K, Herrett E, Bhaskaran K. et al. Effect of β blockers on mortality after myocardial infarction in adults with COPD: population based cohort study of UK electronic healthcare records. BMJ 2013; 347: f6650.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson J.L, Adams C.D, Antman E.M. et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e179-347. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson J.L, Adams C.D, Antman E.M. et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e179-347. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Gara P.T, Kushner F.G, Ascheim D.D. et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e78-140. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Gara P.T, Kushner F.G, Ascheim D.D. et al. American College of Emergency Physicians Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: e78-140. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S. et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2017; 00: 1-66. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S. et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2017; 00: 1-66. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R. et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronarysyndrome a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (2): 915-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R. et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronarysyndrome a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168 (2): 915-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V. et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation 2013; 128 (14): 1495-503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V. et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation 2013; 128 (14): 1495-503.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V. et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (22): 2356-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V. et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63 (22): 2356-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger J.P. et al. EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (23): 2705-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger J.P. et al. EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (23): 2705-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldberger J.J, Bonow R.O, Cuffe M. et al. OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (13): 1431-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldberger J.J, Bonow R.O, Cuffe M. et al. OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66 (13): 1431-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dargie H.J. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357 (9266): 1385-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dargie H.J. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357 (9266): 1385-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353 (9146): 9-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 1999; 353 (9169): 2001-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flather M.D, Shibata M.C, Coats A.J. et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patientswith heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (3): 215-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flather M.D, Shibata M.C, Coats A.J. et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patientswith heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005; 26 (3): 215-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleinrock M. The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011. IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, Dec 2011; р 44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleinrock M. The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2011. IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, Dec 2011; р 44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787-847.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1787-847.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F. et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 491-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wikstrand J, Hjalmarson A, Waagstein F. et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. Dose of metoprolol CR/XL and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: analysis of the experience in Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 491-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow G.C. et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96 (6A): 11G-17G.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow G.C. et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96 (6A): 11G-17G.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang R.L, Listerman J, Goring J. et al. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: Should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction? Congest Heart Fail 2006; 12: 206-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang R.L, Listerman J, Goring J. et al. Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: Should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction? Congest Heart Fail 2006; 12: 206-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gullestad L, Wikstrand J, Deedwania P. et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. What resting heart rate should one aim for when treating patients with heart failure with a beta-blocker? Experiences from the Metoprolol Controlled Release/Extended Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 252-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gullestad L, Wikstrand J, Deedwania P. et al., MERIT-HF Study Group. What resting heart rate should one aim for when treating patients with heart failure with a beta-blocker? Experiences from the Metoprolol Controlled Release/Extended Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 252-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heart Failure Society Of America. Heart failure in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail 2006; 12: e38-e57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heart Failure Society Of America. Heart failure in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Card Fail 2006; 12: e38-e57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiuzat M, Wojdyla D, Pina I. et al. Heart Rate or Beta-Blocker Dose? Association With Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Results From the HF-ACTION Trial. JACC: Heart failure, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiuzat M, Wojdyla D, Pina I. et al. Heart Rate or Beta-Blocker Dose? Association With Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients With Systolic Dysfunction Results From the HF-ACTION Trial. JACC: Heart failure, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruickshank J.M. Challenges in the Management of Hypertension in Older. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 2: 149-66. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruickshank J.M. Challenges in the Management of Hypertension in Older. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 2: 149-66. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Беталок® ЗОК (таблетки с замедленным высвобождением, покрытые оболочкой, 25 мг, 50 мг, 100 мг) с учетом изменений 1-3. Регистрационное удостоверение П №013890/01 от 05.09.2007 (переоформлено 29.01.2016).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Инструкция по медицинскому применению лекарственного препарата Беталок® ЗОК (таблетки с замедленным высвобождением, покрытые оболочкой, 25 мг, 50 мг, 100 мг) с учетом изменений 1-3. Регистрационное удостоверение П №013890/01 от 05.09.2007 (переоформлено 29.01.2016).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонова М.В., Штейнберг Л.Л., Белоусов Ю.Б. и др. Результаты фармакоэпидемиологического исследования артериальной гипертонии ПИФАГОР IV: приверженность врачей. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2015; 1: 59-66. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Леонова М.В., Штейнберг Л.Л., Белоусов Ю.Б. и др. Результаты фармакоэпидемиологического исследования артериальной гипертонии ПИФАГОР IV: приверженность врачей. Рос. кардиол. журн. 2015; 1: 59-66. DOI:10.15829/1560-4071-2015-1-59-66</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falkner B., Kushner H. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 51-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falkner B., Kushner H. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 51-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
