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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">systhiper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Системные гипертензии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systemic Hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-082X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2189</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «ИнтерМедсервис»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/2075082X.2020.4.200245</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">systhiper-612</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерно-возрастные особенности роли курения и сахарного диабета в развитии инфаркта миокарда у больных артериальной гипертонией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender-age peculiarities of smoking and diabetes mellitus role in the development of myocardial infarction in patients with arterial hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-4882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aksenovaannav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-9890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ощепкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oshchepkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">arthyplab@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0794-4683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орловский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlovsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">leha-orl@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-4357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чазова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chazova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">c34h@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аксенова А.В., Ощепкова Е.В., Орловский А.А., Чазова И.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аксенова А.В., Ощепкова Е.В., Орловский А.А., Чазова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aksenova A.V., Oshchepkova E.V., Orlovsky A.A., Chazova I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/612">https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/612</self-uri><abstract><p>Артериальная гипертония (АГ), курение и сахарный диабет (СД) 2-го типа - факторы риска развития инфаркта миокарда (ИМ). Их половозрастные особенности при АГ изучены лишь в небольшом количестве эпидемиологических исследований. Цель. Изучение влияния статуса курения и СД 2-го типа на заболеваемость ИМ у мужчин и женщин с АГ. Материалы и методы. Проанализирована частота перенесенного ИМ, подтвержденного ЭКГ-критериями, у мужчин и женщин с АГ в зависимости от возраста, статуса курения и СД 2-го типа. Исследование проведено на выборке данных регистра АГ, включившей 28 899 больных АГ, наблюдавшихся в первичном звене здравоохранения в 2010-2016 гг. Результаты. Число обращений мужчин и женщин с АГ в первичное звено здравоохранения являлось одинаковым в возрасте 25-44 лет, с возрастом доля мужчин прогрессивно уменьшалась. Частота развития ИМ у мужчин с АГ значительно выше во всех возрастах по сравнению с женщинами (в возрасте 25-44 лет выше в 18,3 раза). Никогда не курили 37,4% мужчин с АГ и 94,8% женщин с АГ. Максимальная заболеваемость ИМ 33,0% у мужчин среднего возраста, прекративших курить, у женщин - 14,1% в пожилом возрасте, прекративших курить. В молодом возрасте ИМ у курящих мужчин с АГ развивался в 3,7 раза, у прекративших курить - в 13 раз чаще по сравнению с некурящими. Максимумы кривых заболеваемости ИМ у женщин с АГ в зависимости от статуса курения смещены в сторону более старшего возраста по сравнению с мужчинами. У больных АГ с перенесенным ИМ, прекративших курить, по сравнению с некурящими больными в 2 раза чаще выполнены чрескожная ангиопластика коронарных артерий/коронарное шунтирование. Заболеваемость ИМ при СД у мужчин в среднем возрасте повышалась в 1,6 раза, у женщин с АГ - в 2,5 раза. Более выраженный вклад СД в увеличение заболеваемости ИМ у женщин с АГ по сравнению с мужчинами сохранялись до старческого возраста. В целом по группе больных АГ с СД заболеваемость ИМ составила 9,8% среди никогда не куривших больных, 17,7% - среди курящих и 28,3% - среди больных, прекративших курить. В группе никогда не куривших больных у мужчин с АГ и СД риск ИМ увеличивался в 1,8 раза, у женщин с АГ и СД - в 2,8 раза. Однако отношения шансов вероятности развития ИМ на фоне СД у некурящих мужчин и женщин с АГ статистически значимо не различались. Заключение. Выявлены гендерно-возрастные особенности влияния курения и СД 2-го типа на риск развития ИМ у больных АГ, наблюдающихся в первичном звене здравоохранения. Такие факторы риска ИМ, как мужской пол и курение, максимально проявляют себя в молодом возрасте. В старческом возрасте - статус курения уже не влияет на риск развития ИМ, тогда как мужской пол сохраняет свое значение во всех возрастах. Более высокая заболеваемость ИМ у мужчин с АГ по сравнению с женщинами (в 18,3 раза в молодом возрасте) объясняется как влиянием пола, так и большей частотой курения (в 12 раз). СД 2-го типа повышает риск развития ИМ во все периоды жизни: среднем, пожилом и старческом возрасте. У больных АГ СД 2-го типа повышает заболеваемость ИМ максимально в среднем возрасте - у женщин в 2,5 раза; у мужчин - в 1,6 раза. Курение у больных АГ и СД 2-го типа приводит к дополнительному повышению риска ИМ (до 2,8 раза).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Arterial hypertension (AH), smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the risk factors for the development of myocardial infarction (MI). Their age and gender peculiarities of AH have been studied only in a small number of epidemiological studies. Aim. To study the effect of smoking status and type 2 diabetes on the incidence of MI in men and women with hypertension. Materials and methods. The frequency of MI in men and women with hypertension confirmed by ECG criteria was analyzed depending on age, smoking status and type 2 diabetes. 28 899 hypertensive patients of primary health care in 2010-2016 were included in the registry of hypertension. Results. In the age of 25-44 the number of visits of men and women with hypertension in primary health care was the same, thereafter the ratio of men progressively had been decreasing with the age. The incidence of MI in men with hypertension is significantly higher at all ages than in women (it is 18.3 times higher at the age of 25-44). 37.4% of men and 94.8% of women with hypertension have never smoked. The maximum incidence of MI is in middle-aged men (33.0%) and in old-aged women (14.1%) groups, who stopped smoking. MI developed in 3.7 times more often in hypertensive young-age men group who are smoking than in nonsmokers, in those who stopped smoking - 13 times more often. The maxima of the curves of the incidence of MI in women with hypertension, based on the smoking status, shifted towards an older age in comparison with men. Percutaneous coronary intervention / Coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed 2 times more often in hypertensive patients with MI who stopped smoking, compared to nonsmokers. The incidence of MI in hypertensive patients with diabetes in middle-aged men increased by 1.6 times, in women - 2.5 times. The higher influence of diabetes mellitus on escalation of MI incidence in women with hypertension than in men persisted until old age. The incidence of MI was 9.8% in never-smoked, 17.7% for smokers and 28.3% for stopped smoking hypertensive patients with diabetes. In the group of patients who never smoked, the risk of MI increased by 1.8 times in the men group and 2.8 in women with AH and DM. However, the odds of MI development in nonsmoking men and women groups with hypertension and diabetes did not significant. Conclusion. Gender-age characteristics of the influence of smoking and type 2 diabetes on the risk of MI in patients with hypertension in primary health care were disclosed. Such risk factors for MI as male gender and smoking are most significant at a young age. In old age, smoking status no longer affects the risk of MI, while the male gender remains important at all ages. The higher incidence of MI in men with hypertension (18.3 times at a young age) compared to women is explained by both the influence of gender and the higher frequency of smoking (12 times). T2DM increases the risk of developing MI in middle age and older. In hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, the incidence of MI is maximally increased in middle age in women by 2.5 times; in men - 1.6 times. Smoking in patients with AH and type 2 diabetes leads to an additional increase of MI risk (up to 2.8 times).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>курение</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>smoking</kwd><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>age</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW et al, American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137 (12): e67. 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