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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">systhiper</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Системные гипертензии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Systemic Hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2075-082X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2189</issn><publisher><publisher-name>LLC «ИнтерМедсервис»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38109/2075-082X-2022-4-45-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">systhiper-646</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стимулятор растворимой гуанилатциклазы риоцигуат в палитре современной специфической терапии прекапиллярной легочной гипертензии: от патофизиологического базиса к результатам актуальных исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat in the palette of modern specific therapy for precapillary pulmonary hypertension: from the pathophysiological basis to the results of current research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-0341</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусашайхова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musashaykhova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусашайхова Сайна Абдулбасировна, врач-кардиолог приемного отделения, НИИ клинической кардиологии имени А.Л. Мясникова</p><p>3-я Черепковская, д. 15 А, г. Москва 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sayna A. Musashaykhova, cardiologist of the reception department, A.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15 a, Moscow 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saina170790@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-8994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухин</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhin</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухин Дмитрий Игоревич, студент 6-го курса лечебного факультета</p><p>ул. Делегатская, д.20, стр.1, г. Москва 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy I. Trukhin, 6th year student, Medical Faculty</p><p>Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, Moscow 127473</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-3604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиева</surname><given-names>З. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valieva</surname><given-names>Z. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиева Зарина Солтановна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел легочной гипертензии и заболеваний сердца, НИИ клинической кардиологии имени А.Л. Мясникова</p><p>3-я Черепковская, д. 15 А, г. Москва 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zarina S. Valieva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Diseases, A.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15 a, Moscow 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-8097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынюк</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynyuk</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынюк Тамила Витальевна, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела легочной гипертензии и заболеваний сердца, НИИ клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. , ФГБУ НМИЦ кардиологии им. акад. Е.И. Чазова Минздрава России; профессор кафедры кардиологии, ФДПО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова</p><p>3-я Черепковская, д. 15 А, г. Москва 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamila V. Martynyuk, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Diseases, A.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology, E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Centre of Сardiology, Russian Federation; Professor of the Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</p><p>3rd Cherepkovskaya St., 15 a, Moscow 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии» им. акад. Е.И. Чазова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мусашайхова С.А., Трухин Д.И., Валиева З.С., Мартынюк Т.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мусашайхова С.А., Трухин Д.И., Валиева З.С., Мартынюк Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Musashaykhova S.A., Trukhin D.I., Valieva Z.S., Martynyuk T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/646">https://www.syst-hypertension.ru/jour/article/view/646</self-uri><abstract><p>Среди форм прекапиллярной легочной гипертензии (ЛГ) выделяют легочную артериальную гипертензию (ЛАГ) и хроническую тромбоэмболическую ЛГ (ХТЭЛГ) с диагностической триадой гемодинамических параметров: среднее давление в легочной артерии &gt; 25 мм рт.ст. (&gt; 20 мм рт. ст. в новой версии Европейских рекомендаций 2022 г.), давление заклинивания в легочной артерии ≥ 15 мм рт. ст.; легочное сосудистое сопротивление &gt; 3 единиц Вуда (&gt; 2 единиц Вуда в новой версии Европейских рекомендаций 2022 г.) при катетеризации правых отделов сердца в покое. Ведущими факторами патогенеза     ЛАГ являются дисфункция эндотелия с нарушением баланса между вазодилатирующими и вазоконстрикторными веществами, активация пролиферации эндотелия/ гладкомышечных клеток и системы свертывания крови, что приводит к ремоделированию сосудов малого круга кровообращения. При ХТЭЛГ имеется морфологический субстрат в виде хронической обструкции крупных и средних ветвей легочных артерий, а также вторичные изменения микроциркуляторного русла легких, причем хронические/ организованные тромбы/ эмболы в легочных артериях эластического типа выявляются через три месяца эффективной антикоагулянтной терапии.</p><p>В результате значительных успехов в изучении патофизиологических аспектов ЛАГ за последние годы в клиническую практику внедрена специфическая терапия с воздействием на ключевые звенья патогенеза заболевания. При ХТЭЛГ легочная эндартерэктомия остается методом выбора для всех операбельных пациентов. При неоперабельных и резидуальных формах ХТЭЛГ в случае технической возможности проводится баллонная ангиопластика легочных артерий на фоне приема специфических препаратов, применяемых при ЛАГ, в особенности, единственного официально одобренного стимулятора растворимой гуанилатциклазы (рГЦ) риоцигуата.</p><p>В статье рассматриваются наиболее важные аспекты ЛАГ-специфической терапии у пациентов с ЛАГ, неоперабельных и резидуальных формах ХТЭЛГ;   указаны мишени терапии, обсуждаются перспективные подходы терапии с фокусом на стимулятор рГЦ риоцигуат, возможности комбинированной терапии и стратегии переключения. Оптимальный профиль безопасности и эффективности риоцигуата, продемонстрированный в крупных международных исследованиях и рутинной клинической практике, позволяет широко применять препарат для лечения пациентов с ЛАГ и ХТЭЛГ. Перевод с ингибиторов фосфодиэстеразы типа 5 (ИФДЭ-5) на риоцигуат является безопасным и целесообразным, что подчеркивается в Евразийских и Российских клинических рекомендациях; в 2022 г. стратегия переключения на риоцигуат при неэффективности терапии ИФДЭ-5 в составе комбинированной терапии с антагонистами рецепторов эндотелина одобрена в новой версии Европейского документа. Оригинальность риоцигуата, обусловленная наличием двойного механизма действия за счет прямой стимуляции рГЦ и сенсибилизации фермента к эндогенному NO, позволяет его назначать не только в качестве длительной монотерапии, но также в составе комбинированной терапии, с реализацией стратегии переключения в случае неэффективности ИФДЭ-5.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among the forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) are pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH) with a diagnostic triad of hemodynamic parameters: mean pulmonary artery pressure &gt; 25 mm Hg (&gt; 20 mm Hg according to the new version of European guidelines 2022), pulmonary artery wedge pressure ≥ 15 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistance &gt; 3 Wood units (&gt; 2 Wood units in the new version of European guidelines 2022) by right heart catheterization at rest. The leading factors in the pathogenesis of PAH are an endothelial dysfunction with an imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstrictor substances, activation of endothelial/smooth muscle cell proliferation and the blood coagulation system, which lead to remodeling of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation. In CTEPH there is a morphological substrate as a chronic obstruction of large and medium branches of pulmonary arteries, as well as secondary changes in the microcirculatory bed of the lungs, and chronic/organized thrombi/emboli in the elastic type of pulmonary arteries are detected after three months of effective anticoagulant therapy.</p><p>As a result of a significant progress in the study of the pathophysiological aspects of PAH in recent years, specific therapy has been introduced into clinical practice with an impact on key targets of the pathogenesis of the disease. In CTEPH pulmonary endarterectomy remains the treatment of choice for all operable patients.  In case of inoperable and residual forms of CTEPH, if technically feasible, pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty is performed while taking PAH-specific drugs, in particular, the only officially approved stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) riociguat.</p><p>The most important aspects of PAH-specific therapy of patients with PAH, inoperable and residual forms of CTEPH; the targets of therapy are indicated, promising approaches to therapy with a focus on the sGC stimulator riociguat, the possibilities of combination therapy and switching strategies are discussed in the article. The optimal safety and efficacy profile of riociguat, demonstrated in large international studies and routine clinical practice, allows the drug to be widely used in the treatment of patients with PAH and CTEPH. Switching from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors to riociguat is safe and appropriate, which is emphasized in the Eurasian and Russian clinical guidelines, in 2022. the strategy of switching to riociguat is approved in case of failure of PDE5 inhibitors as part of combination therapy with endothelin receptor antagonists in the new version of the European document.The originality of riociguat due to the presence of a dual mechanism of action by direct stimulation of sGC and sensitization of the enzyme to endogenous NO, allows its use not only as a long-term monotherapy, but also as part of a combination therapy, with the implementation of a switching strategy in case of clinical failure of PDE5 inhibitors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прекапиллярная легочная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>легочная артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>хроническая тромбоэмболическая легочная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>специфическая терапия</kwd><kwd>риоцигуат</kwd><kwd>силденафил</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>precapillary pulmonary hypertension</kwd><kwd>pulmonary arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension</kwd><kwd>specific therapy</kwd><kwd>riociguat</kwd><kwd>sildenafil</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чазова И.Е., Мартынюк Т.В., Валиева З.С., соавт. 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