Perivascular adipose tissue and its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases

Perivascular adipose tissue (RVT) is an important component of the vascular system, which is actively involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review is based on an analysis of clinical studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and e-Library databases aimed at studying the mechanisms through which RVT affects the development of CVD. It has been proven that prostate is a source of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. These molecules contribute to the activation of inflammatory processes, which can lead to endothelial damage and the development of atherosclerosis. An increase in the volume of the pancreas is associated with an increase in the level of inflammatory markers in the blood, which indicates systemic inflammation. RVT is involved in the metabolism of lipids and glucose, and its excessive accumulation can lead to insulin resistance. This condition is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and CVD. Adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin play a key role in regulating metabolism. Low levels of adiponectin secreted by the pancreas are associated with an increased risk of CVD. RVT affects vascular tone and their response to vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Changes in the function of the pancreas can lead to impaired regulation of blood pressure and increase the risk of atherosclerosis; promote vascular remodeling, which is also associated with the development of atherosclerosis. RVT is often associated with other risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. These factors interact with each other, creating a complex network that contributes to the development of CVD. Genetic predispositions and epigenetic changes can also affect the development of the pancreas and its functions. Some studies indicate a link between genetic markers and the level of RVT, which may explain individual differences in the risk of CVD. Thus, RVT plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases through the mechanisms of inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and changes in vascular function. Understanding these mechanisms can help in the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of CVD, as well as in identifying potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Further research is needed to better understand the role of RVT in cardiovascular health.

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