The impact of periodontitis on the likelihood of developing arterial hypertension and blood pressure control

Objective. To study the influence of periodontitis on the likelihood of developing and controlling blood pressure levels in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) who are undergoing antihypertensive therapy.

Materials and Methods. The study included 150 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of arterial hypertension (AH). Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of periodontitis. The main group (n=76, 50.6%) had periodontitis and was predominantly female — 47 (61.84%). The average age of this group was 61.11±10.86 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 29.35±4.28 kg/m². The control group consisted of 74 (49.4%) patients without periodontitis: 42 (56.76%) women, with an average age of 51.7±10.48 years, and BMI of 27.84±4.18 kg/m². The study analyzed the age at which AH was diagnosed, the number of antihypertensive medications used for BP control, and their effectiveness, assessed through 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Results. In patients with periodontitis, arterial hypertension develops at a younger age — 47.5 [42; 54] years — compared to patients without periodontitis — 51.5 [48; 55] years (p=0.002). A trend toward prescribing a greater number of antihypertensive medications was observed in the group of patients with periodontitis. According to the data, 35 (46.05%) patients with periodontitis take three or more medications, whereas among patients without periodontitis, there are 29 (39.1%) cases; however, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.051). Analysis of the ABPM data revealed significant differences in the average daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, as well as in the hypertensive index of time for diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusions. Periodontitis significantly complicates blood pressure control by contributing to the earlier onset of hypertension and increasing the number of medications required.

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